Industrial and concept smiley's designs look as much like objects of art as items of commerce. His artistic expertise stems from a well-honed background in traditional media combined with a skillful use of digital tools like Google SketchUp, Autodesk Maya, Wacom tablets, Modo, and Adobe® Photoshop® CS3.

His style harkens back to the pre-digital days of smiley illustrations done in watercolor, charcoal, pen, and ink. When digital rendering stormed the world of smileys in the early 90s, this hand-drawn style became almost as obsolete as the drafting table. But even as paintbrushes were replaced by pixels, the old-guard art forms retained their relevance. I think people started to miss the warmer look of traditional smileys, and today, the direction seems to be turning back to a hand-drawn style.